From Stephanie West Allen’s blog on Neuroscience and conflict resolution.
I often talk about the importance of paying attention to what you are paying attention to in conflict resolution, and in life. Because I think it is so important, the A in the acronym of my CARVE Disputes Model™ stands for Attention.
In case you have not seen CARVE, here it is:
I will quote here the relevant section of the chapter with Jeff’s permission and link to the whole article at the end. The topic of the article is pain but the principles of attention being described apply to any state or feeling to which you attend, whether positive or negative. Here’s a short lesson in the quantum Zeno effect.
The quantum Zeno effect for neuroscience application states that the mental act of focusing attention can hold in place brain circuits associated with what is focused on (e.g., pain versus pain relief). Focusing attention on mental experience maintains the brain state arising in association with that experience. What this means is that if one focuses attention on an experience, the set of relevant brain circuitry with which that experience is associated will be held in a dynamically stable state. For example, an expectation of pain relief can elicit a focusing of attention on actual experiences of pain relief that are associated with patterns of activity in a given brain circuitry. When sufficient attention is focused on the experience of pain relief, the associated brain circuitry becomes dynamically stable. This acute effect of focused attention can then enable the well-validated principle of Hebb (1955), namely that repeated patterns of neural activity cancause neuroplastic changes and new connectivities to form in well-established neural circuits (‘‘cells that fire together wire together’’). This type of attention-based mechanism of neuroplastic change has been termed self-directed neuroplasticity to emphasize that alterations in CNS function can be readily driven by and dynamically modified by willfully directed mental events. As was stated above, mental events change the activity of the brain in a dynamic manner. Basic principles of contemporary physics now enable us to place this empirically well-validated fact within theoretically coherent, scientifically grounded, and technically described context.
The term attention density has recently been coined to help clarify this mechanism. Attention density is defined as the number of observations per unit time, and thus the higher the intensity of focus of attention the higher the attention density. The term is important because it is this increased number of observations per unit time, or increased focus that brings the quantum Zeno effect into play. This increased focus causes the relevant neural circuitry to become stabilized. It is this fact that allows us to explain how the brain’s response to pain can be systematically modified by the quality of attention that is focused (or not focused) on it. These principles of self-directed neuroplasticity are fully testable in experimental contexts. Many of the experimental findings described in this chapter can be more clearly understood in light of these theoretical advances, and many new empirically based investigations of pain-related events in the CNS can be organized within this new the- oretical frame. For example, the rapidly growing data base on the effects of expectation on S1, ACC, and insular cortices can be better understood within this physics-based reasoning. Specifically, if participants’ expectation of pain relief during placebo analgesia causes them to focus attention on experiential aspects of pain relief, then attention density associated with pain relief will be increased. This can activate the quantum Zeno effect that will dynamically stabilize the patterns of neural activity arising in circuitry associated with pain relief. This can then call Hebbian mechanisms into play, which can lead to neuroplastic changes in the brain’s response to nociceptive stimuli, or even the mental events associated with those stimuli. … It is our hope that investigators in a variety of related fields will find this kind of reasoning conducive to the creation and pursuit of a variety of new and clinically useful experimental paradigms.
[Footnotes removed.]Click to read the rest of “Plasticity in brain processing and modulation of pain” (Progress in Brain Research).
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